Cationic (TAT-PTD, Penetratin, polyarginine, etc.) and amphipathic CPPs (MPG, Pep-1, pVEC, MAP, etc.) constituted about 85% of the total CPPs, whereas only 15% belonged to hydrophobic CPPs (TCTP-PTD, Pep-7, FGF, etc.) (Mickan et al., 2014
(Biochem Pharmacol 2018) documented a reduction of -35% in white adipose tissue, -40% in adipocyte volume, -5.1% in body weight and -30% in plasma cholesterol in just 11 days in obese mice (DIO), without any change in food intake
For example, certain minerals can affect the absorption of antibiotics, and high-dose antioxidants may theoretically influence the action of some chemotherapy agents or anticoagulants
Existing data instead indicate generally low colonization stability even for well-studied probiotic strains: for example, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 does not persist long-term in the human gut following oral administration (Tremblay et al., 2023